It is important to manage all your firewalls centrally at one place to ensure they are all functioning properly. To set the timeout for connections, embryonic connections (half-opened), and half-closed connections, administrators can enter this command: hostname(config-pmap-c)#set connection {[embryonic hh[:mm[:ss]]], [half-closed hh[:mm[:ss]]] [tcp hh[:mm[:ss]]]}. For an FTP and TFTP filtering example, see http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/products/ps6120/products_configuration_example09186a00807ee585.shtml. NTP is especially useful to ensure that timestamps on log messages are consistent throughout the entire network. Cisco ASA 5500 Series Adaptive Security Appliances provide reputation-based control for an IP address or domain name. See RFC 2267 for more information. It is recommended to authenticate NTP updates so that time is synchronized with approved servers only. Data plane protection can prevent attacks for both the firewall and devices to which the firewall sends traffic. The following sets connection number limits ASA(config-pmap-c)# set connection {[conn-max n] [embryonic-conn-max n] [per-client-embryonic-max n] [per-client-max n] [random-sequence-number {enable | disable}]}. Recompiling an ACL is a silent process, but it can burden an already loaded firewall CPU. TCP normalization is a Layer 4 feature that consists of a series of checks that the firewall application performs at various stages of a flow, from initial connection setup to the closing of a connection. Only the first packet in the TCP or UDP flow is matched against the ACL entries. One must be deleted before the other is set up. It is not recommended to access the security appliance through an HTTP-based GUI session. The following configuration example configures a Cisco ASA device to send logging information to a remote syslog server: Refer to Identifying Incidents Using Firewall and ASA Router Syslog Events for more information about log correlation. Note: An organization's established security policies, and not product features, should be the key factor when determining configuration details. DoS attack detected, such as an invalid stateful packet inspection or stateful firewall check failure. Without stateful inspection, ICMP can be used to attack a network. Allow only some specific traffic to certain known services. One can also log the rate at which traffic flows match specific access list entries. The authentication credential information, such as the password, is sent as clear text. ICMP unreachables should be filtered to allow only known sources, for example those from management subnets. See the following guidelines for TCP normalization: This feature uses the Modular Policy Framework so that customizing TCP normalization consists of identifying traffic, specifying the TCP normalization actions, and activating TCP normalization customization on an interface. This designation is defined by configuring the management-only command on the specific interface. The input access list also protects the firewall itself from spoofing attacks, whereas an output list protects only devices behind the firewall. Full scanning threat detection takes this scanning attack rate information and acts on it by classifying hosts as attackers and automatically shunning them, for example. icmp permit host 10.0.0.1 unreachable mgmt ! These high-level documents take into account a risk assessment, and subsequently offer general statements regarding the organization's assets and resources and the level of protection they should have. Through the stateful application inspection used by the Adaptive Security Algorithm, the Cisco ASA tracks each connection that traverses the firewall and ensures that it is valid. Firewalls that protect enterprise networks play a crucial role on the front line of defense. The following configuration example shows the use of these commands: Refer to Configuring Logging for more information about global configuration commands. The ability to understand device hardening at the core of security architecture design and implementation is essential to success. With improvements in technology, many processes have become faster and easier. For details regarding password recovery, see the Performing Password Recovery section of the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide. Refer to Configuring Management Access Accounting for more information regarding the configuration of AAA command accounting. Using a multi-vendor firewall management tool allows you to have a unified view of firewall policies and rules, enabling you to compare and manage firewall rules easily. Furthermore, environmental factors should also be verified because most Cisco firewalls have an operating temperature of 32 to 104 degrees F (0 to 40 degrees C). Two of the basic checks of this engine ensure conformance to RFC 2616 and the use of RFC-defined methods only. Backups can be used after a system failure and helps reduce total downtime. Commands to enable ICMP inspection follow: For more details regarding ICMP inspection, see the ICMP Inspection section of the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide. When the threshold is crossed, the device generates and sends an SNMP trap message. Network Time Protocol (NTP) is not an especially dangerous service, but any unneeded service can represent an attack vector. For details on configuring ICMP unreachables, see icmp unreachable in the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Command Reference. For more details regarding IPv6 traffic filtering, see the Adding an IPv6 Access List section of the Cisco ASA 5500 Series Configuration Guide. When internal clients are infected with malware and attempt to phone home across the network, the Botnet Traffic Filter alerts the system administrator of these attempts though the regular logging process for manual intervention. For production environments, community strings should be chosen with caution and should consist of a series of alphabetical, numerical, and nonalphanumeric symbols. This form of logging is useful, even though it does not offer enough long-term protection for the logs. Administrators are advised to correctly configure security levels for traffic traversal before ACLs are applied. The firewall administrator can be alerted to these apparently unused connections to research their purpose and close the ones that no longer serve a business purpose.
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