These techniques also improve the clarity in data visualization. This is also the most southern site in Africa where evidence for glass reworking has been found. Some features of the site may not work correctly.About 200 coloured glass beads (red, yellow, green, blue, white, black, pink, plum) excavated on Mapungubwe hill and at K2, archaeological sites in the Limpopo valley South Africa, were studied with Raman scattering. It appears to have come into use for glazing the windows of grander buildings during the Roman Empire.” ",To view the content in your browser, please,NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing,BEADS: Journal of the Society of Bead Researchers,A Classification System for Glass Beads for the Use of Field Archaeologists,History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the materials, design, construction and quality of glass, light-transmitting ceramic and light-transmitting plastic panels for exterior and interior use in both vertical and sloped applica- Annealed (non-safety) glass may be … "A Classification System for Glass Beads for the Use of Field Archaeologists. You are currently offline. As a result of examination of numerous collections of glass beads in northeastern North America and elsewhere, and as a result of a study of the procedures used in their manufacture, the authors propose a classification and nomenclature which they hope will permit exact descriptions and a reference base for all beads found in archaeological excavations. A highball glass is a tall, slender crystal glass commonly used for iced or mixed drinks. Test Procedure : Each test specimen was mounted within the test fixture with the film captured by the mounting clamps and impact tested in accordance with DIN EN 12600:2002. POLYMERS: Polymers have chain molecule structure of carbon as back bone atoms. Darice highball glass: A blue glass used to serve a variety of mixed drinks, like the screwdriver, piña colada and Long Island iced tea. According to ‘James Stevens Curl & Susan Wilson’ (Authors of The Oxford Dictionary of architecture), “glass is a semi- or fully transparent hard, brittle, lustrous material made by igneous fusion of silica (usually sand) with an alkaline sodium or potassium salt and added ingredients. Colouring agents and glass matrix composition comparison with contemporary Southern Africa sites,Glass Beads, Markers of Ancient Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa: Methodology, State of the Art and Perspectives,Post-15th century European glass beads in southern Africa : composition and classification using pXRF and Raman spectroscopy,Combined Spectroscopic Analysis of Beads from the Tombs of Kindoki, Lower Congo Province (Democratic Republic of the Congo),Unravelling the glass trade bead sequence from Magoro Hill, South Africa: separating pre-seventeenth-century Asian imports from later European counterparts,Technology and Provenance Analysis of Glass Fragments from an Ottoman Bathhouse (Hamam) in Kyparissia, Peloponnese, Greece,Multi-analytical approach to the study of the European glass beads found in the tombs of Kulumbimbi (Mbanza Kongo, Angola).Nondestructive on‐site identification of ancient glasses: genuine artefacts, embellished pieces or forgeries?Differentiation of antique ceramics from the Raman spectra of their coloured glazes and paintings,Raman identification of materials used for jewellery and mosaics in Ifriqiya,On‐site analysis of Limoges enamels from sixteenth to nineteenth centuries: an attempt to differentiate between genuine artefacts and copies,On‐site analysis of Chinese Cloisonné enamels from fifteenth to nineteenth centuries,On-site Raman identification and dating of ancient/modern stained glasses at the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris,Re‐dating of Chinese celadon shards excavated on Mapungubwe Hill, a 13th century Iron Age site in South Africa, using Raman spectroscopy, XRF and XRD,A non-invasive study of Roman Age mosaic glass tesserae by means of Raman spectroscopy,Raman identification of ancient stained glasses and their degree of deterioration,On-site Raman analysis of Medici porcelain,Linda C. Prinsloo, Aurelie Tournie, Philippe Colomban,Linda C. Prinslooa, Wim M. Biemonde, … Maria M. van der Ryste,Farahnaz Koleini, Philippe Colomban, … Innocent Pikirayi,View 7 excerpts, cites background and results,View 6 excerpts, cites background and methods,By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. Glass ceramics have high temperature capabilities so they are used in optical equipment and fiber insulation. 3. 1. (2002), Glass in building, Pendulum test - Impact test method and classification for flat glass. 1. young cabernet, 2. old cabernet/merlot 3. young merlot 4. young syrah, 5. young pinot noir, 6. old pinot noir As a result of examination of numerous collections of glass beads in northeastern North America and elsewhere, and as a result of a study of the procedures used in their manufacture, the authors propose a classification and nomenclature which they hope will permit exact descriptions and a reference base for all beads found in archaeological excavations. (2012). The word, glass, comes from the Old English term, glæs, with its usage going back before 900 A.D. Today, the line between the material and its use is blurred. Diamond is used in ornaments and cutting tool applications. Often, you’ll see it apply any type of drinkware. Corundum, Rutile, Baddelyte disperse phases can be added to increase flexural strength 4. The glass can be modified by several ways to enhance the physical properties of the cement. • Tilt the glass over a white background • Look at core of the glass and note color and intensity • Look at rim of the glass and note color • Note opacity • can you read text through the core? Washing glasses with organic acids to remove surface concentration of Ca which will help prolong WT 3. See “Glazing in small panes.” Glass in low level glazing (6, 7, 8) must be at least Class C, or in small panes. The glass matrix of the beads was classified according to its Raman signature into three main subgroups and corroded glass could also be identified. Alumina, silica, silicon carbide are used in making tools. Raman classification of glass beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in South Africa @article{Tournie2012RamanCO, title={Raman classification of glass beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill and K2, two archaeological sites in South Africa}, author={Aurelie Tournie and Linda C. Prinsloo and Philippe Colomban}, …
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