Other subject themes included the elimination of tobacco, alcohol, and position through stricter laws. It was hosted at the Battle Creek Sanitarium by Race Betterment Foundation co-founder Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, and if you didn't know your Corn Flakes came with a side of racism, well, you do now. Visitors to the 1908 Louisiana State Fair were greeted by a strange sight: babies, all on display, all being measured. History classes don't teach kids about the times mankind tried to selectively breed out "undesirables," and that's a shame — because it's a part of history we need to remember. To make an inventory and record of the socially important hereditary traits and tendencies of the individual. Specifically, it was suggested that undesirable people be sent to a "public locally operated gas chamber," and that's some serious Third Reich stuff right there. Take Mississippi. He spent about 30 years studying eugenics, developing his theories alongside his other projects, like "biologic living" and health reform. At the time, eugenics was widely respected. Carrie's attorney was appointed for her — and the institution's board chose a supporter of the sterilization campaign. Not everyone agreed — some condemned it as obviously wrong, as it overlooked external influences. They also used American legislation forbidding interracial marriages for defining how to determine who qualified as Jewish and Aryan, and how to determine whether or not a marriage was in violation of purity laws. [9], The First National Conference on Race Betterment was held at the Battle Creek Sanitarium (John Harvey Kellogg is its owner), on June 1–6, 1914. They advertised eugenics and reminded passers-by of the race's glorious past and possible future. Hitler himself once boasted (via The Guardian): "I have studied with interest the laws of several American states concerning the prevention of reproduction by people whose progeny would, [...] be of no value or be injurious to the racial stock.". And Kellogg was right in the center of it all. The idea of a country — any country — forcibly sterilizing its citizens sounds like an archaic practice. [18] Kellogg became the editor of the journal in 1874. Galton suggested that if only the finest specimens married and reproduced, it would lead to the creation of a Utopian society. He was captivated by the idea, and took it one step further. Journalist Daniel Okrent says (via NPR) that eugenics was at the heart of it. Throughout the decades, The Jerusalem Post says the "unfit" included those labeled as "feeble-minded," anyone with criminal tendencies, anyone who was gay, alcoholics, the deaf, the blind, and even those found to be "lazy." Kellogg formed the Battle Creek Food Company to develop and market soy products and health foods. He greatly influenced campaigns embracing eugenics, supporting sterilization and the segregation of "defectives" in institutions and positive eugenic programs including the fitter families campaign. The media loved it, and likened the idea to the same thing farmers were already doing with their cattle and livestock. At the center of the case was Carrie Buck, a teenager who was in foster care when she became pregnant. Buck's foster parents institutionalized her on the grounds that she was an unmarried teenage mother, and when she gave birth to daughter Vivian, she was forced to surrender the child. According to SFGate, the Rockefeller Foundation even helped fund the research of a pre-Auschwitz Josef Mengele. The practice of drugging and operating on people against their will lasted longer than disco did, and that's unthinkable, and what's more unthinkable? Kellogg chartered Battle Creek College in 1923 by bringing the three professional schools together and adding a liberal arts school. John Harvey Kellogg was a doctor, nutritionist and businessman. First, a national hero: Charles Lindbergh. John Harvey Kellogg was a doctor, nutritionist and businessman. A state's right to forcibly sterilize patients was cemented in 1927, when the Supreme Court heard a case called Buck v. Bell (via The Embryo Project Encyclopedia). [7], Charles Benedict Davenport (June 1, 1866 – February 18, 1944) was a well-known biologist and eugenicist, who introduced biometrics into American science and applied it in eugenics. Its initial name was Health Reformer, which started in 1866. It's a long list. He pushed for public awareness, and he got it — the second conference was held at the Panama-Pacific International Exhibition in 1915, and somewhere around 18 million people visited the fair — and saw the Race Betterment Foundation's exhibit in the entryway of the Palace of Education. When history is taught in schools, there's a standard curriculum teachers adhere to. At the time, around 1 in 10 babies would die before their first birthday, and the contests promoted things like routine medical examinations, better hygiene, and better nutrition. First, they were going to serve as a massive data storehouse for the "trait pedigree" of American citizens. He was a supporter of eugenics and wrote extensively on the dangers of sign language and the reproduction of deaf people (via PBS). [3], John Harvey Kellogg (February 26, 1852 – December 14, 1943) was a physician, eugenicist, promoter of physical fitness and vegetarianism. Pick and breed the best specimens, and get the best babies. But it wasn't just incredibly widespread, it continued for decades. What kind of information? In 1910, Charles Davenport opened Eugenics Record Office to collect hereditary information on American families. At some point (and we'll talk about exactly what point), some guy who was definitely a white European man decided that natural selection wasn't doing so great when it came to keeping humanity made up of nothing but the best of the best. [17] After Kellogg's death, the editor was James Thomas Case, from Aug. 1944 - Aug. In 1916, Margaret Sanger opened the country's first birth control clinic. The foundation controlled the Battle Creek Food Company, which in turn served as the major source for Kellogg’s eugenics programs, conferences, and Battle Creek College.
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