“The violence surprised us all.” Desbordes is a somewhat anomalous figure among the traditionally aristocratic élite of the Chilean right. All subscriptions include exclusive subscriber offers, events and giveaways with West Rewards, our subscriber rewards program. At one point, officers were stationed on the roof to keep an eye on students, and they stayed for several weeks. He quickly established the stakes of the debate. In the days after el estallido, as public discourse coalesced around the constitutional question, mayors from across the country and across the political spectrum began to publicly support a referendum to decide the issue. Pablo Ortúzar told me that he found the entire debate frustrating. the friday cover. The hulking building itself has fallen into disrepair, with crumbling walls and peeling paint. “Unfortunately, this effort is necessary,” he told a reporter. The 2019 uprising began at the National Institute, Chile’s oldest and most famous public high school, housed in a gray and unlovely building just a few blocks from the Presidential Palace, in Santiago. The keynote speaker that night was former President Eduardo Frei Montalva, who urged Chileans to vote no and demanded the formation of a constituent assembly. The atmosphere was volatile: a protest might erupt in the morning, forcing the evacuation of the school, but a few hours later there would be no trace of it; it was just part of the background of a normal day. All rights reserved. In a TV interview, Jaime Mañalich, the health minister, admitted that the virus had spread at a pace he had not anticipated, in part because of social conditions. The Chilean police force, which, until recently, had been one of the most trusted institutions in the country, attempted to control the situation, but its violent tactics were soon condemned by international human-rights organizations. This was a different Santiago, bleached of color, with fewer trees and broader avenues, and block after block of low-rise housing. Visitate la storica Distilleria a Schiavon e il Museo della Grappa a Bassano. For example, the other 94% includes people whose death certificate listed both Covid-19 and obesity, both Covid-19 and diabetes, or both Covid-19 and heart disease -- among other conditions. Chile’s democracy in those early years was precarious; President Patricio Aylwin, elected to succeed Pinochet and lead the transition, admitted as much, famously conceding that he would pursue justice for the many victims of the military regime only “insofar as it is possible.” In any case, Aylwin had no authority to remove Pinochet as head of the armed forces. info@poligrappa.com The events of October, 2019, became known as el estallido, or “the explosion.” Protesters gathered in Santiago’s Plaza Italia that first night, and more or less held it for the next several months, despite the declaration of a state of emergency and a curfew, and despite nightly battles with police, who used water cannons, tear gas, and rubber bullets in increasingly violent attempts to disperse them. Initially, these were mostly wealthier areas, where infections could be traced to overseas travel. One afternoon in March, I went with the political scientist Claudio Fuentes to a school in La Florida, a working-class district southeast of Santiago. Word of the action spread quickly among the hyper-connected teen-agers of Santiago, with texts and Instagram posts and WhatsApp groups amplifying the news. Just as the unrest in the weeks after el estallido had made an agreement on a referendum possible, the pandemic and the battered economy presented the Chilean left with another unexpected opportunity. To walk the streets of Santiago was to read a collective, anonymous scroll of inchoate rage: Abort the police, Die Piñera, ACAB, Bankers to the gallows. On Tuesday, October 15th, in response to a fire caused by a Molotov cocktail, classes at the National Institute were suspended for three days. On November 15th, after a historic daylong negotiation in Congress, the political parties reached an agreement and a referendum was scheduled for the end of April.
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