were decreased 30% and handover delay was reduced more than 10 ms comparing to conventional handover approaches such RSSbased. between the mobile terminal and the Policy Router. proposed approach has redefined handover major phases including; preparation, decision and execution phases. Accordingly, the foreseen enhancements are mapped to the specified baseline Release 15 architecture, as shown in Figure 5. This year (2015) the mobile phone celebrates its 30th birthday in the UK. Mobile, terminals include variety of interfaces, including the GSM, ones, which are based on old-fashioned circuit switching, the, wireless and mobile networks today are going towards all, principle, meaning all data and signaling will be transferred, via IP (Internet Protocol) on network layer [1]. Circuit switched elements The circuit switched elements of the UMTS core network architecture include the following network entities: Mobile switching centre (MSC): This is essentially the same as that within GSM, and it manages the circuit switched calls under way. The CPU load can be used as a trigger for applying resource elasticity. Data channels The proposed 5G framework is leading to high QoS provisioning for any given multimedia service, higher bandwidth utilization, traffic load sharing, mobile cloud plus fog computing features, and multi-radio interface capabilities. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1930-sys_architecture, http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1965-rel-15_news, https://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/5GPPP-Software-Network-WG-White-Paper-July-2018.pdf, http://www.availabilitydigest.com/public_articles/0101/calculating_availability.pdf, Inter-dependencies between Network Functions co-located in the same node, Orchestration-driven elasticity not supported, Fixed functional operation of small cells, Need for support for computational offloading, Need for support for telco grade performance (e.g. The NSDs can be updated and created from the beginning if required if a new NST is necessary. The advanced performance of our 5G QoS plus MCC framework is evaluated using simulations and analysis with multimedia traffic in heterogeneous mobile and wireless environment. configuration for performance measurements. First, with 4K video streaming, to assess the CPU and RAM consumption while a demanding application is running, and second with increasing traffic using Iperf to depict the relation of load and CPU consumption. These base stations provide the cell with the network coverage which can be used for transmission of voice, data, and other types of content. (#12) Need for (Radio and Computational) Resource Sharing Strategy for Network Slices. In particular, we present the design guidelines for (i) flexible cloudification of protocol stack, (ii) adaptive inter-slice control, and (iii) leveraging experiment- and implementation-driven modelling and optimisation. Then, their behaviour can be modelled to clearly understand both the VNF resource consumption and the infrastructure capabilities. This paper is focused on all foregoing generations of mobile technology, developmental aspect of 5G technologies and the basic architecture/concept behind this mobile technology trend. The key technological components of 5GC are architecture modularisation, CP-UP separation, and service-based interface (SBI). In this paper we propose novel network architecture for next generation 5G mobile networks. Context-Awareness, Sharing, and Optimisation. F1, Inter-slice context sharing and optimisation, CN-level UP and CP NFS, M&O layer functions, CN-domain CP NFs, service-based interfaces, Network layer, Terminal analytics driven slice selection / control, CN-domain CP NFs (AMF, NSSF, NWDAF), interfaces to UE and Itf-X to M&O layer, Inter-slice RRM for Dynamic TDD Scenarios, RAN (Inter-slice RRM, IM, and Unified Scheduler), RAN (Dynamic RAN Control Unit at RRC), M&O Layer (Cross-slice M&O), RAN-domain CP NFs, Network, Controller and M&O layer as well as associated interfaces, RAN-domain NFs, XSC/ISC and applications, Network layer, Controller layer, interfaces: NBI, SoBI, MOLI, Big data analytics for resource assignment, NSMF (Cross-slice M&O), NFVO, M&O layer and respective interfaces (e.g., Os-Ma-Nfvo), Framework for cross-slice congestion control, Slice admission control using genetic optimisers, NSMF (Cross-slice M&O), NFVO, M&O layer and respective interfaces (e.g., MOLI, Os-Ma-Nfvo), ML-based optimisation using an extended FlexRAN implementation, RAN-domain VNFs (CP and UP), Network layer, Computational analysis of open source mobile network stack implementations, Measurement campaigns on the performance of higher layers of the protocol stack, Higher-layer RAN VNFs (CP and UP), Network layer.
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